Why Do Homes in Cold Climates Have More Ice Dam Issues?

Ice dams form through a specific, temperature-driven process. Snow melts on the warmer upper part of your roof, often because heat escapes from the attic. This water then runs down to the colder roof edge, where it refreezes into a ridge of ice. This cycle repeats, building a dam that traps more meltwater behind it, which can eventually force its way under roofing materials and into your home.

Cold regions naturally have the prolonged conditions that foster ice dams. These areas experience many days where daytime sun or indoor heat thaws snow, but nights are cold enough to refreeze the runoff. The longer the roof stays snowy and the temperatures hover near freezing, the greater the chance for a significant dam to form and grow.

• Extended periods of snow cover on roofs.
• Frequent daily temperature swings above and below freezing.
• Insufficient attic insulation is more problematic in severe cold.
• Longer winters mean more opportunities for the cycle to begin.
• Heavy, wet snowfalls common in some cold regions provide ample water.
• Older homes in these areas may lack modern insulation standards.

If an ice dam causes a leak, the trapped water will seek a path inside. It can back up under shingles, seep through roof decking, and soak into your attic, walls, and ceilings. This leads to structural damage and creates a perfect environment for mold growth if not addressed quickly. The water can also damage insulation, reducing its R-value and leading to higher energy bills long after the leak is repaired.

• Water stains or drips from ceilings or walls.
• Peeling paint or bulging patches on interior walls.
• Wet insulation in the attic, reducing its effectiveness.
• Ice or icicles forming inside the attic or at soffit vents.
• Visible water pools or damp spots in the attic.
• Sagging sections of drywall or plaster.